大准铁路黄河特大桥钢桁梁静载试验

大准铁路黄河特大桥钢桁梁为 96 132 96m三跨连续式、无竖杆刚性桁梁柔性拱组合系结构。运营十年后进行了静载试验,并将测试结果与数值计算进行了对比。钢桁梁在中 -活载和恒载作用下,轴向总应力最大的杆件为A17E18,其总应力为 142. 083MPa。在中 -活载作用下,边跨中和中跨中的挠度,分别为 76. 23mm和 63. 94mm,其挠跨比分别为 1 /1259和 1 /2064。由此可以看出该桥承载力和竖向刚度符合设计标准,满足使用要求,且承载力和竖向刚度安全储备较大。上下游两片主桁受力均匀性较好。测试方法和结果可供类似工程参考。     

Evaluation of gardenia yellow using crocetin from alkaline hydrolysis based on ultra high performance liquid chromatography and high‐speed countercurrent chromatography

Gardenia yellow is globally the most valuable spice and food color. It is generally a mixture of water‐soluble carotenoid glycosyl esters which consist of crocetin bis(gentiobiosyl) ester as the main component. Crocetin is a natural carotenoid dicarboxylic acid that may be a candidate drug for pharmaceutical development, however, it is either present in trace amounts or is absent in natural gardenia yellow products. We here propose that crocetin produced by alkaline hydrolysis can be used to qualitatively evaluate gardenia yellow products using an ultra high performance liquid chromatographic assay. A useful and efficient isolation technique for isolating high‐purity crocetin from gardenia yellow using high‐speed countercurrent chromatography is described. High‐speed countercurrent chromatographic fractionation followed by an ultra high performance liquid chromatographic assay showed that trans‐crocetin is easily converted to about 15% cis‐crocetin (85% trans‐crocetin). Crocetin in gardenia yellow was quantitatively evaluated. Our approach is based on the hydrolysis process for converting crocetin glycosyl esters to crocetin before evaluation and isolation using the ultra high performance liquid chromatographic and high‐speed countercurrent chromatographic methods. The combination of hydrolysis and chromatographic methods allows evaluation of the purity and quantity of crocetin in gardenia yellow.     

Process Based Reconstruction of Sandstones and Prediction of Transport Properties

We present a process based method for reconstructing the full three-dimensional microstructure of sandstones. The method utilizes petrographical information obtained from two-dimensional thin sections to stochastically model the results of the main sandstone forming processes – sedimentation, compaction, and diagenesis. We apply the method to generate Fontainebleau sandstone and compare quantitatively the reconstructed microstructure with microtomographic images of the actual sandstone. The comparison shows that the process based reconstruction reproduces adequately important intrinsic properties of the actual sandstone, such as the degree of connectivity, the specific internal surface, and the two-point correlation function. A statistical reconstruction of Fontainebleau sandstone that matches the porosity and two-point correlation function of the microtomography data differs strongly from the actual sandstone in its connectivity properties. Transport properties of the samples are determined by solving numerically the local equations governing the transport. Computed permeabilities and formation factors of process based reconstructions of Fontainebleau sandstone compare well with experimental measurements over a wide range of porosity.     

黄河三角洲粉质土的动模量和阻尼比试验研究

结合室内共振柱和动三轴实验,对黄河三角洲饱和原状粉质土体(粉土、粉砂、粉质粘土)动模量和阻尼比的影响因素和发展规律进行了详细的研究。研究表明,在粉粒和粘粒含量对动模量的共同影响中,粉粒含量起着举足起重的作用;侧限压力对归一化剪模比和阻尼比的影响均较显著,相比粘粒含量的影响不大。通过与Seed建议的砂土及饱和粘土的G/Gmax~γ曲线和λ~γ曲线进行对比,结果显示研究区的粉质土相比一般的砂土和饱和粘土而言,其动力变形特性更接近于砂土,但是与砂土也存在着非常明显的差异;其发展规律与其他地区沉积粉质土也较为不同,具有明显的区域性。采用修正了的Hard in-D rnevich模型和对数模型分别对G/Gmax~γ曲线和λ~γ曲线进行拟合,给出了三类粉质土的归一化动力变形G/Gmax~γ/γr关系曲线,对模型中有关参数的影响因素做了初步的探讨。     

Lattice-Boltzmann simulations of flow through Fontainebleau sandstone

We report preliminary results from simulations of single-phase and two-phase flow through three-dimensional tomographic reconstructions of Fontainebleau sandstone. The simulations are performed with the lattice-Boltzmann method, a variant of lattice-gas cellular-automation models of fluid mechanics. Simulations of single-phase flow on a sample of linear size 0.2 cm yield a calculated permeability in the range 1.0–1.5 darcys, depending on direction, which compares qualitatively well with a laboratory measurement of 1.3 darcys on a sample approximately an order of magnitude larger. The sensitivity of permeability calculations to sample size, grid resolution, and choice of model parameters is quantified empirically. We also present a qualitative study of immiscible two-phase flow in a sample of linear size 0.05 cm; simulations of both drainage and imbibition are presented.     

风暴潮作用下黄河水下三角洲斜坡稳定性研究

斜坡失稳是河口海岸环境中典型的灾害地质现象之一,其对采油平台、海底管线和电缆的危害性是巨大的。本文以黄河三角洲地区埕岛油田典型海域为研究对象,通过地球物理探测和工程地质钻探获取了10m深度范围内海底土体的分层情况和各土层的物理力学特征,利用GEO-SLOPE/W软件对其水下斜坡的稳定性进行了定量计算。结果显示,极端海况下,水下斜坡表层土体存在产生滑移破坏的可能。另外,对该区海底斜坡失稳的机理进行了探讨,认为风暴潮引起的巨浪是其主要诱因。     

Modelling the capillary imbibition kinetics in sedimentary rocks: Role of petrographical features

The kinetics of capillary imbibition into sedimentary rocks has been measured experimentally and calculated with a model that has been described previously by Hammecker and colleagues (1993). The validity of this model has been discussed and compared to other models. Three limestones, two clean sandstones and three clayey sandstones have been studied. The capillary processes are discussed as a function of their petrography and the pore structures. The role of the grain surface, described by the specific surface area, has been especially studied. The influence of clay coating on detrital grains on capillary processes has been quantified.Nomenclature A weight increase rate by capillary imbibition (A=W/(S ₁t)) - B capillary rise rate (B=l/t) - l height of the capillary fringe or the meniscus over the free water level - g gravitational constant - L height of the geometrical elements - P _a pressure in the air - P _c capillary pressure - P _w pressure in the water - Q flow rate - N _l free porosity - Nt total porosity - r radius of the pore (meniscus) - r ₁ pore access radius (neck) - R pore radius (widening) - R _s particle radius - S specific surface area - S ₁ macroscopical area of the sample surface throughout which imbibition occurs - t time - W weight - z height - surface tension - dynamic viscosity - contact angle - density - _r true density     

红砂岩路基土动态模量影响因素及预估模型研究

为研究红砂岩路基土动态模量的影响因素,采用室内重复加载三轴试验。结合红砂岩路基土在不同含水率时的动态模量,分析偏应力、体应力和含水率对红砂岩路基土动态模量的影响;采用三参数复合模型进行回归,并通过有限元计算和实体工程现场检测,建立室内试验动态模量与现场检测动态模量的回归关系。研究结果表明,动态模量随体应力(或围压)增大而增大,随偏应力增大而减小;随着含水率的增大,动态模量呈先增大后逐步减少的趋势。三参数复合预估模型与试验检测结果之间具有较高相关性。此外,红砂岩路基土室内试验动态模量与现场检测动态模量具有良好的回归关系,室内试验动态模量与现场检测动态模量可以实现有效换算。     

LBO腔内和频593 nm激光器

报道了LD纵向泵浦NdYVO4晶体,经腔内和频得到593 nm激光输出的实验研究.采用一个线性平凹腔实现了1 064 nm和1 342 nm双波长连续波振荡,利用LBO腔内和频产生593 nm激光输出.在泵浦功率为1.4 W时得到593 nm的输出功率为70 mW.593 nm光束远场发散角小于1 mrad,光斑椭圆度为0.999,且具有低噪声输出特性.实验结果表明,该结构激光器是获得衍射极限全固体黄激光器的实用方法.     

塞曼火焰原子吸收法测定黄河水体的总硬度

采用原子吸收分光光度法测定黄河水体的总硬度,钙的浓度在0.100～5.00 mg/L、镁的浓度在0.0500～2.00 mg/L范围内分别与吸光度呈线性关系,线性方程分别为A=0.045 5c+8.354×10~(-5)、A=0.514c+8.354×10~(-5),相关系数均为0.9999。黄河水样6次测定结果的相对标准偏差为1.2％,t检验结果表明,该法与EDTA络合滴定法测定结果无显著性差异。